Physical Security
Often overlooked in the digital age, physical security is the protection of the actual hardware, facilities, and personnel. It is the first line of defense; if an attacker gains physical access, digital defenses can often be bypassed.
1 The Candy Store Analogy
Locking the Doors
Imagine owning a candy store full of treats. You lock the register, but if someone breaks in after hours, they take everything.
The Concept: Physical security is like installing locks, alarms, and guards. It ensures bad guys stay out so your "sweets" (sensitive data and servers) remain safe.
2 Goal: Defense in Depth
The primary goal is to create layers of protection. If one fails, others stand in the way. We categorize these measures into four functions:
1. Deter
Discourage attackers from attempting a breach (e.g., Perimeter fencing, bright lighting, "Under Surveillance" signs).
2. Detect
Identify unauthorized access attempts immediately (e.g., CCTV cameras, motion sensors, alarms).
3. Delay
Slow down an intruder to allow time for a response (e.g., Reinforced doors, biometrics, mantraps).
4. Respond
React to a breach to stop or mitigate damage (e.g., Security guards, law enforcement).
3 Why It Matters
Asset Protection
Protects expensive equipment and critical data stored on physical devices from theft or damage.
Safety & Continuity
Safeguards personnel and prevents operational disruptions caused by physical breaches.
4 Responsibility
Facilities Team
Maintains the building and ensures locks, gates, and alarms are functional.
IT Security
Secures the server racks, hardware, and network equipment specifically.
All Employees
Must follow protocols—like not holding secure doors open for strangers ("tailgating").
5 Physical Vulnerabilities
Red Teamers simulate attacks to find physical weaknesses like these:
| Vulnerability | Description |
|---|---|
| Unsecured Access Points | Doors or windows left unlocked or easily bypassed. |
| Tailgating | An unauthorized person following an employee through a secure door. |
| Weak Locks | Outdated or low-quality locks that can be easily picked. |
| Exposed Infrastructure | Wiring closets or servers located in public/unsecured areas. |
| Poor Key Management | Keys or access cards left unattended or easily copied. |
The Bottom Line
Even the most sophisticated cybersecurity measures can be rendered ineffective if an attacker gains physical access to systems or storage devices. A comprehensive security strategy must include robust physical security.